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post by :Eng,kamrul hasan ifaz
1. Short for Internet Protocol, IP is an address of a computer or other network device on a network using IP or TCP/IP. For example, the number “166.70.10.23″ is an example of such an address. These addresses are similar to an addresses used on a house and is what allows data to reach the appropriate destination on a network and the Internet.
There are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E, while only A, B, and C are commonly used. Each class allows for a range of valid IP addresses. Below is a listing of these addresses.
IP address breakdown
Every IP address is broke down into four sets of octets that break
down into binary to represent the actual IP address. The below table is
an example of the IP 255.255.255.255. If you are new to binary, we
highly recommend reading our binary and hexadecimal conversions section
to get a better understanding of what we’re doing in the below charts.| IP: | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
| Binary value: | 11111111 | 11111111 | 11111111 | 11111111 |
| Octet value: | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| 166 | 70 | 10 | 23 |
| 10100110 | 01000110 | 00001010 | 00010111 |
| 128+32+4+2=166 | 64+4+2=70 | 8+2=10 | 16+4+2+1=23 |
Automatically assigned addresses
There are several IP addresses that are automatically assigned when
you setup a home network. These default addresses are what allow your
computer and other network devices to communicate and broadcast
information over your network. Below is the most commonly assigned
network addresses in a home network.| 192.168.1.0 | 0 is the automatically assigned network address. |
| 192.168.1.1 | 1 is the commonly used address used as the gateway. |
| 192.168.1.2 | 2 is also a commonly used address used for a gateway. |
| 192.168.1.3 – 254 | Addresses beyond 3 are assigned to computers and devices on the network. |
| 192.168.1.255 | 255 is automatically assigned on most networks as the broadcast address. |
Getting an IP address
By default the router you use will assign each of your
computers their own IP address, often using NAT to forward the data
coming from those computers to outside networks such as the Internet. If
you need to register an IP address that can be seen on the Internet,
you must register through InterNIC or use a web host that can assign you
addresses.
Anyone who connects to the Internet is assigned an IP
address by their Internet Service Provider (ISP) who has registered a
range of IP addresses. For example, lets assume your ISP is given 100
addresses, 109.145.93.150-250. This means the ISP owns addresses
109.145.93.150 to 109.145.93.250 and is able to assign any address in
that range to its customers. So, all these addresses belong to your ISP
address until they are assigned to a customers computer. In the case of a
dial-up connection, you are given a new IP address each time you dial
into your ISP. With most broadband Internet service providers because
you are always connected to the Internet your address rarely changes and
will remain the same until the service provider requires it to be
changed.
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